Era of Good Feelings essays

Era of Good Feelings essays James Monroe was president during the Era of Good Feelings. It was called that because there were few political battles and his Democratic-Republican party ruled almost unopposed. It was a transitional period in which the nations democratic institutions and capitalist economy were taking form. The Era of Good Feelings was a period of dramatic growth and intense nationalism. National identity, as opposed to state interest, was growing as evidenced by the westward movement and the construction of roads and canals. These internal improvements were built to tie together the nations commerce. They were considered a national priority and were funded by Congress. Other evidence of new nationalism was demonstrated by the way President Monroe was received by the people on his tour of New England and the west. Also, the spirit of nationalism was apparent in Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the federal government and expanded the powers of Congress. During this p eriod, the nation had experienced a huge economic boost. Preceding the war of 1812, the American people were forced to diversify their production by manufacturing and agriculture because they could no longer depend on the goods of Britain. For many years since America had been formed, they had looked to Britain as a source of supplies. Because of the impressments and Orders of Council, Americans turned away from Britain. They turned inward to find the resources they needed. American manufacturers, farmers, and traders were able to expand their production to satisfy the needs of their country. Thus, industrial development enhanced national self-sufficiency and united the nation. During the War of 1812, American commerce paused in order to focus on their struggle for survival. However, after the War of 1812, the relations between America and Britain settled down peacefully, and trade was able to resume. England needed resource...

Encapsulation in Computer Programming

Encapsulation in Computer Programming Encapsulation in programming is the process of combining elements to create a new entity for the purpose of hiding or protecting information. In object-oriented programming, encapsulation is an attribute of object design. It means that all of the objects data is contained and hidden in the object and access to it is restricted to members of that class. Encapsulation in Programming Languages Programming languages arent quite so strict and allow differing levels of access to an objects data. C supports encapsulation and data hiding with user-defined types called classes. A class combines data and function into a single unit. The method of hiding details of a class is called abstraction. Classes can contain private, protected and public members. Although all the items in a class are private by default, programmers can change the access levels when needed. Three levels of access are available in both C and C# and an additional two in C#Â  only. They are: Public: All objects can access the data.Protected: Access is limited to members of the same class or descendants.Private: Access is limited to members of the same class.Internal: Access is limited to the current assembly. (C# only)Protected Internal: Access is limited to the current assembly or types derived from the containing class. (C# only) Advantages of Encapsulation The main advantage of using encapsulation is the security of the data. Benefits of encapsulation include: Encapsulation protects an object from unwanted access by clients.Encapsulation allows access to a level without revealing the complex details below that level.It reduces human errors.Simplifies the maintenance of the applicationMakes the application easier to understand. For the best encapsulation, object data should almost always be restricted to private or protected. If you choose to set the access level to public, make sure you understand the ramifications of the choice.