Importance Of Ecology And Design

Importance Of Ecology And Design Ecology is focus on the interaction of living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical environment. In particular, the relationship between human and the natural environment. Increasing the human population rapidly, limited resources supply from the earth, ecology becomes an essential topic for the human long-term survival. Ecology and design is also called Ecological design, Sustainable development, Green design, Eco-designà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all is seek ways for reducing the impact to the environment and improving environmental health. any form of design that minimizes environmentally destructive impacts by integrating itself with living processes. from Ecological Design by Sim Van Der Ryn and Stuart Cowan. We have to change the lifestyle and need to follow these ecological principles in order to create a sustainable future. Global warming, losing biodiversity, clear-felling of forests, climate change, and desertificationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all showing that Ecological design is the conflict of the design in the future. Designers not only consider How does it work? or How does it look?, they have to confront the challenge that make the design becomes nature. Ecological design is the main concept for all design. Architecture, Urban design, Industry, Fashion, Product, Packageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc, none of them not mention Ecology. Carbon footprint is a tool to measure the impact of the human activities on global warming. Reducing the carbon footprints, can make the earth more long-lasting. Thus, carbon footprint becomes an indication to label the green product. In my group, we chose The Body Shop which is the cosmetic industry as our presentation because they concern the environment and exert to reduce their carbon footprint from the using material, production, packaging, transportation, in store etc. It is valuable to explain the Ecology and design and how they are designed ecologically. The logo of The Body Shop changed litter bit than before. They used a root of the tree and green colour to represent their global business is against climate change and the products are nearly natural. Also, they teamed up with architects, some of them renovate to an ecological sensitive workplace. Consider the sustainable architecture and the quality of the environment, they used renewable energy such as natural light for the day lighting and the wind for the high-quality ventilations. The working condition becomes better because of sustainable design. Moreover, most of their stores refit the LED(light-emitting diode) lighting to improve the energy efficiency and certainly the energy consumption reduced by 70%. It is definitely slow down using in energy and pollution crisis and reduces the carbon footprint. In order to show they are eco-friendly, the walls in the stores were painted in green, brown and white for those are natural colours to represent their values are eco-friendly. For the product of The Body Shop, not only the ingredients, but also the packaging, they always strive to protect the planet and minimize the harm to the environment. Follow the principles of ecological design, the ingredients are grown using time-honoured techniques that means the nutrient in the land can restore naturally after harvest and wont become desertification due to the over-planting. As members of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm oil (RSPO), all of their soaps are produced using palm oil sourced that is successfully audited in line with RSPO regulations. Thinking about the climate characteristics of the bioregional system, it is a positive case that can give us a healthy planet and reduce the deforestation. Many company just made a beautiful package for its product, they only consider how to attract people to buy the goods and they seldom regard the environment. However, The Body Shop advocates for reducing waste on their packaging. Neither the primary packaging nor the secondary packaging, they wont over-package. The design of the bottle is simple, not very colourful, just a transparent bottle contain some texts and simple shape. Although it is simple, it can reduce the storage space so that it can reduce the use of fossil fuels in the transportation. They only use the necessary material for the packaging to reducing the carbon footprint and it is environmentally friendly. The plastic bottles contain the natural ingredients made form PET (polyethylene terephthalate) which is 100% recycled material. Furthermore, they also used to collect the empty bottles for recycling. Especially the Hemp Heroes gift set is presented in a carton made form highly sustainable materials which are bamboo, 100% cruelty-free bristles and recycled aluminum ferrules and printed with non-toxic inks. All of these materials are helping to communicate the planet and make eco-friendly. In the secondary packaging, they have paper bag and organic cotton bag. For the Paper Bag, they replaced all plastic bags with 100% recycled paper and printed by using water-based inks which are not contain harmful solvents. It can reduce the waste and the pollution for the environment. For the cotton bag which made form 100% organically grown cotton, uses a simple font and natural green colour, some of the words are in bold to emphasis a point and it catches your eye immediately. Since the cotton bag is long-lasting, The Body Shop encourages customers to reuse the bag and give them an environmentally beneficial consumer choices form the paper bag. All of it is friendly product, they consider the relationship between production and consumption and assist consumers to greening the society. That is a good behavior for develop our desirable and sustainable environment. There are three main campaigns that The Body Shop emphasize on. Against Animal testing, protect our planet and Human rights. Animal testing is use of animals for the process in scientific experiments, this testing in the cosmetic industry had been used for thousand of years but nowadays. Although the testing is carried out for the improvement of human lives, there are serious issues and ethical issues we need to faces. The Body Shop against animal testing because they believe that animals should not be used for cosmetic testing due to the animal rights. They have never tested their products on animals, in the same way, they also require their suppliers not test the ingredients on animals for cosmetic purposes. Basically, they against animal testing just for one reason, they dont want to be a cruel corporation and dont willing to carry this inhuman practice on the animals. Without the use of animals on the cosmetics, The Body shop won the RSPCA Good Business Award for a second time, f or their commitment to animal welfare. Being a green retailer, they seek for the sustainable environment and prevent the climate change. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle are their policy. By using the renewable resources, sustainable raw ingredients can protecting the rainforests and minimize the impact to the planet. Also, finding some environmentally friendly crops can prevent erosion and improve the condition of the soil. For campaigned against injustices, The Body Shop use Community Trade ingredients in their products that means the trading is fair and the small-scale farmers can earning a fair wage and working in fair conditions. All the mentions are uphold the human rights and regarding child labour, discrimination, employee pay, hours and working conditions. Design is basic to all human activities but due to human Ecology and Social Change, many of us seek environmentally friendly and reducing our carbon footprints. People no longer just consider the products are user-friendly but also eco-friendly. Sustainable, renewable, reducing destructive of the environment..etc, all of them must be considering in the design process for develop our better future. The Body Shop is one of the industry focuses on this conflict and make their products become natural. Reducing the destructive of the environment, The Body Shop believe that beauty is as much about feeling beautiful as it is about looking beautiful.

Outline Muslim teachings on wealth and poverty Essay

Poverty: a state of being poor the status of having no money to take care of yourself and the basic needs of life such as, food, clothing and housing. Muslims believes poverty to be as a test to mankind form god. There are different types of evil and suffering which cause poverty such as: ? Moral evil ? actions done by humans which cause suffering. ?Natural evil ? things which cause suffering but have nothing to do with humans e.g. earthquakes. (I will explain it in the following paragraphs) When god created the earth he also made a being called Adam (pbuh) to take care of it, Allah order the angles to bow down to Adam (pbuh) (humans are superior to the angles as they have free will-which is why they can be vice-regents- but they are inferior because their free will means they can sin) means they can sin) all Angels except one ignorant Satan (iblis) refused to follow Allah’s commands to bow down to Adam so Allah rejected him and throw him out of the heavens. However Allah allowed Satan to do mischief and disrupt mankind form worshiping Allah until the last day then Satan shall be sent to hell and those who were tempted by his evil shall follow him into the fire. Muslims believe that suffering is a test from god. But if there faith stays strong and they lead a good and devote themselves to Allah they shall rewarded with eternity paradise. â€Å"be sure we shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss in goods or lives or the fruits of your toil, but give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere calamity, ‘to god we belong and to him shall we return† Muslims believe that the way to succeed and pass the test is to help those who suffer such as the floods in Bangladesh through Muslim charities such as Muslim hands, Islamic relief e.c.t. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) has said: ‘Poverty can lead to Kuffar (ungratefulness)’. This is because a deprived human being may feel that his Lord is being unjust on him, but a human being cannot understand that this life is a test from Allah and the real life is the life hereafter. What does Islam say about Zakat & Charity Wealth in the English dictionary is defined as, having huge sum of money or possession, riches, state of being well off. In Islam whatever wealth you posses is regarded as a trust from Allah (God). You are not free to do what you want with your wealth, as you will be accounted for how you release it. Islam teaches that wealth is something given by god for the benefit of humanity and there for it should be shared. ‘Then (on the day of judgement) you will certainly be questioned about all the favours you enjoyed.’ (102:8) According to Islam, the wealth you posses does not show your superiority, neither or nor does it give you distinction or make you a part of honoured class. The one who posses the riches of Faith is the one who is wealthiest in the sight of Allah, not the one who posses material riches. Islam says that there is nothing wrong to posses wealth, as long as you earn it in the right (halal/lawful) way and discharge it in the right (halal/lawful) way. Islam has given guideline for the ways of life which mainly concentrates on the earning and use of wealth. Earning and spending is essential for living, but we do not live only for this. We have a greater purpose in life. Everything in Islam is for the benefit of mankind. The main principle of Islam aim to establishing a just society wherein everybody will behave responsibly and honestly, and not as cunning people who fight for as big share of something as possible without regard for honesty, truth and responsibility. Islam has given rules for earning wealth which all Muslims should abide by. Muslims must follow the Qur’an and the Sunnah: 1) Any earnings from the production, sale and distribution of alcoholic drinks are unlawful, as are earnings from gambling, lotteries and from interest (riba) transactions (5:90-91, 2:275). 2) Earning by falsehood, deceit, fraud, theft, robbery and burglary is unlawful. Deceitful acquisition of orphans’ property has been particularly banned ( 2;188, 4:2, 6:152, 7:85, 83:1-5). 3) Smuggling and the artificial creation of shortages are unlawful (3:180, 9:34-35) 4) Earning from brothels and from such other practises which are harmful to society are also unlawful. Islam strikes to the root of evil and wants to establish a just and fair society. A Muslim must earn his living in halal ways and he should always bear in mind that what ever he does, it is known to Allah. He will be accountable for his actions on the day of judgement. He cannot hide anything from Almighty Allah. Unlawful outgoings are also not allowed in Islam. It does not at all benefit a Muslim to spend money irresponsibly. Over-spending and waste are strongly discouraged (7:31, 17:26, 19:27, 25:68) What is Zakat Zakah (welfare contribution) is the third pillar of Islam. The Arabic word Zakah means â€Å"to purify or cleanse†. Zakah is to be paid once a year on savings at the rate of two and a half percent. This rate applies to cash, bank savings, gold and silver and silver jewellery. The rate for cattle and agricultural produce is different. Payment of Zakah is a means of keeping our wealth clear of greed and selfishness. SCHEDULE OF ZAKAH Wealth on which zakah is payable Amount which determines the payment of zakah (nisab) Rate of zakah 1 Agricultural produce 5 Awsuq (653 kg) per harvest * 5 per cent produce in case of irrigated land; 10 per cent of produce from rain-fed land. 2 Gold, silver, ornaments of gold and silver of gold and silver 85 grams of gold or 595 grams of silver * 2.5 per cent of value 3 Cash in hand or at the Bank Value of 595 grams of silver * 2.5 per cent of amount 4 Trading goods Value of 595 grams of silver * 2.5 per cent value of goods 5 Cows and buffaloes 30 in numbers For every 30, one- year old; for every 40, one 2- year old 6 Goats and sheep 40 in number One for first 40; two for 120; there for 300; one more for every 100 7 Produce of mines Any quantities Per cent of value of produce 8 Camels 5 in number A up to 24, one sheep or goat for each five camels B 25-35, one 1-year-old she-camel C 36-45, one 2-year-oldshe-camel D 46-60, one 3-year-oldshe-camel E 61-75, 4-year-old she-camel F 76-90, two 2-year-old she-camel G 91-120, two 3-year-old she-camel H 121 or more, one 2-year-old she-camel for each additional 40, or one 3-year-old she-camel for each additional 50 * Fiqhuz zakah It also encourages us to be honest in our dealings, earnings and outgoings (spending money). Zakah is a compulsory act in Islam it is not charity or tax. Charity is optional and taxes are used by states for any purpose, but zakah is only allowed to be spent in certain places such as helping the poor, even for needy or travellers in need and for the cause of Allah. Zakah is a form of ibadah. Ibadah (Arabic) the word meaning worship or obedience. It can be done in any activity in life, if they it is done to please Allah and Allah alone. We all so pay zakah to gain Allah’s favour. Zakah is a way of contributing our excess wealth with those who are less fortunate then our selves. Truly we our selves do not own the wealth it belongs to Allah. He is the real owner of the wealth and mankind, we have to fulfil Allah’s commands by paying zakah as an obligatory it is a part of ibadah. Zakah is a basic principle of Islam, based on social welfare and the fair distribution of wealth . In addition to zakah, Muslim are encouraged in the Quran to make voluntary contributions to help the poor and needy, and for other social purposes. These voluntary contributions are called Sadaqa (charity). Through zakah, rich share their wealth with the poor. Zakaah al-Fitr Zakaah al-Fitr is the name given to charity, which is distributed at the end of the fast of Ramadan. Zakaah al-Fitr is a duty, which is Waajib on every Muslim, whether male or female, minor or adult as long as he/she has the means to do so. Ibn `Umar reported, â€Å"that the Prophet (sallallaahu `alaihi wa sallam) made Zakaah al-Fitr compulsory on every slave, freeman, male, female, young and old among the Muslims; one Saa` of dried dates or one Saa` of barely.† The head of the household may pay the required amount for the other members. The significant role played by Zakaah in the circulation of wealth within the Islamic society is also played by the Zakaah al-Fitr. However, in the case of Zakaah al-Fitr, each individual is required to calculate how much charity is due from himself and his dependents and go into the community in order to find those who deserve such charity. Thus, Zakaah al-Fitr plays a very important role in the development of the bonds of community. The rich are obliged to come in direct contact with the poor, and the poor are put in contact with the extremely poor. This contact between the various levels of society helps to build real bonds of brotherhood and love within the Islamic community and trains those who have, to be generous to those who do not have. The main purpose of Zakaah al-Fitr is to provide those who fasted with the means of making up for their errors during the month of fasting. Zakaah al-Fitr also provides the poor with a means with which they can celebrate the festival of breaking the fast (`Eid al-Fitr) along with the rest of the Muslims. Ibn Abbaas reported, â€Å"The Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) made Zakaah al-Fitr compulsory so that those who fasted may be purified of their idle deeds and shameful talk (committed during Ramadaan) and so that the poor may be fed. Whoever gives it before Salaah will have it accepted as Zakaah, while he who gives it after the Salaah has given Sadaqah.† The goal of Zakaah al-Fitr is to make Believers more aware of Allah. By making them give up some of their wealth, through this the believers are taught the higher moral characteristics of generosity, compassion (sympathy for the unfortunate), gratitude to God and the righteousness. But, since Islaam does not neglect man’s material need, part of the goal of Zakaah al-Fitr is the economic well-being of the poorer members of society. Zakaah al-Fitr is only Waajib for a particular period of time. If one misses the time period without a good reason, he has sinned and can not make it up. This form of charity becomes obligatory from sunset on the last day of fasting and remains obligatory until the beginning of Salaah al-‘Eid’ (i.e. shortly after sunrise on the following day). However, it can be paid prior to the above mentioned period, as many of the Sahaabah (companions of the Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) used to pay Zakaah al-Fitr a couple days before the `Eid. Naafi reported, â€Å"That the Prophet’s companion Ibn `Umar used to give it to those who would accept it and the people used to give it a day or two before the `Eid.† Ibn `Umar reported, â€Å"that the Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) order that it (Zakaah al-Fitr) be given before people go to make the Salaah (al-‘Eid).† And Ibn `Abbaas reported, â€Å"That the Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) said, â€Å"Whoever gives it before the Salaah will have it accepted as Zakaah, while he who gives it after the Salaah (will not, for it will only be considered as) ordinary charity.† Therefore, one who forgets to pay this Zakaah al-Fitr on time should do so as soon as possible even though it will not be counted as Zakaah al-Fitr. The amount of Zakaah is the same for everyone regardless of their different income brackets. The minimum amount is one Saa` (two handfuls) of food, grain or dried fruit for each member of the family. This calculation is based on Ibn `Umar’s report, † that the Prophet(sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) made Zakaah al-Fitr compulsory and payable by a Saa` of dried dates or a Saa` of barley.† The Sahaabee, Abu SA`eed al-Khudree said, â€Å"In the Prophet’s time, we used to give it (Zakaah al-Fitr) as a Saa` of food, dried dates, barley, raisins or dried cheese.† Aqiqah The word ‘Aqeeqah’ means the â€Å"the hair of the forehead†. It also means the animal that is sacrificed after the birth of a child. Some people call it â€Å"Nusukiyah or Dhabihah†. The purpose of ‘Aqiqah is to give thanks to Allah, to express happiness on the birth of a child, and to announce the birth so that people know to whom the child belongs. ‘Aqiqah is a highly recommended Sunnah (scholars). According to other scholars it is wajib (mandatory). The proper time for ‘Aqiqah is the 7th day (or after), counting from the day of the birth of the child. Parents or grandparents should perform ‘Aqiqah for their children or grandchildren. In some traditions it is said that one should sacrifice two lambs for a boy and one for a girl. But it is not required. One can sacrifice even one for the boy. Prophet Muhammad – peace be upon him – sacrificed one lamb for Hasan and for Husain. The meat of the animal should be divided like the sacrificial meat at Eidul Adha, one third for the poor, one third for friends and one third for the family. One can also give all the meat to the poor and needy people. Children are Allah’s gift. We should be thankful to Him and we should take good care of them. From the beginning we should pay attention to their Islamic upbringing and education. Parents should be a good role model for their children and they should also make sure that their children are learning right values, have right teachers and good friends. Someone rightly said that children are like sponges. They absorb whatever they see. It is very important that we give them the right message. We should also be careful about what they watch on TV and Internet. In Arabic the word â€Å"‘Aqiq† is also used for a precious stone. One can also say that ‘Aqiqah is a ceremony that helps us realize the preciousness of our children. Salman bin ‘AamirAd-Dabbi narrated that the Prophet (SAW) said, â€Å"Aqiqah is to be offered for a newly born boy, so slaughter (an animal) for him, and relieve him of his suffering.† It is Sunnah to slaughter 2 (or 1) animals for a boy, and 1 for a girl. This meat is then to be shared with all the people in the community. At the time of the prophet meat was scarce. So eating and distributing meat became a special way of celebrating the birth of a baby. Giving something of the wealth over which Allah has given us temporary custody is a critical part of our deen. The Prophet (sas) said: â€Å"Man yatasaddaqa bi ‘idli tamratin min kasbin tayyibin – wa laa yaqbalu Allahu illa at-tayyib – fa inna Allaha yaqbaluhaa bi yameenihi thumma yurbeehaa li saahibihaa kamaa yurbiy ahadukum falwahu hattaa takoona mithla al-jabali.† â€Å"Whoever gives in charity the value of a single date from pure earnings – and Allah accepts nothing but the pure – verily Allah receives it with his right hand then he makes it grow like the way one of you causes a dowry to grow until it becomes like a mountain.†(Translation) Muslim & Bukhari Sadaqa The meaning of sadaqa is the giving of wealth to another as an act of worship and seeking to come closer to Allah Most High. It is an effective barrier between the giver and evil. It repels trials and hardships and prevents an awful death. All of this is only by the permission of Allah and the giving of sadaqa is the cause which Allah has attached to these benefits. It is also used allegorically to refer to all acts of â€Å"giving† and kindness other than those involving wealth such as giving the greeting, smiling in your brother’s face, seeking to solve a problem between two others for no gain to yourself, being attentive to your spouse in your bed and other actions. As the hadith says, giving of your wealth to another while physically between you and another human is an action received directly by Allah Most High. This has also been mentioned in the Qur’an: â€Å"A lam ta’lamoo anna Allaha huwa yaqbalu at-taubata ‘an ‘ibaadihi wa ya’khudhu as-sadaqaati wa anna Allaha huwa at-tawaabu ar-raheem.† â€Å"Did you not know that Allah is the One who accepts repentence from his slaves and takes their charities and that Allah is the ever-Forgiving, the Merciful.† (Translation) At-Tauba:104 Generally, the best way to give sadaqa is in secret, although it can also be done publicly. Sometimes it is actually better to give publicly if that will encourage others to follow suit and increase the amount of giving among the Muslims. Because the Prophet (sas) said: â€Å"Whoever starts a good practice will get its reward and the reward of all those who do it after him without that decreasing his reward in the least and whoever starts a bad practice will get its sin and the sin of all those who do it after him without that diminishing their sin in the least.† Allah said: â€Å"In tubdoo as-sadaqaati ta ni’immaa hiya wa in tukhfoohaa wa tu’toohaa al-fuqaraa’a fa huwa khairun lakum wa yukaffiru ‘ankum min sayyi’aatikum wa Allahu bimaa ta’maloona khabeerun.† â€Å"If you show your charitibal giving that is just fine and if you conceal it and give it to the needy that is better for you and it will expiate for you some of your bad deeds and Allah is fully aware of all that you do.† Al-Baqara:271 While giving may seem like a growing of one’s wealth and putting it in a savings account or lending it out for interest may seem like an increase in one’s wealth, the really it is quite the opposite. Allah said: â€Å"Yamhaqu Allahu ar-ribaa wa yurbiy as-sadaqaati wa Allahu laa yuhibbu kulla kaffaarin atheemin.† â€Å"Allah obliterates interest and causes charity to grow and Allah does not love every one of those extreme in disbelief and extreme in sin.† Al-Baqara:276 Sadaqa, to be acceptable must be an act done for the sake of Allah with consciousness that what is being given is not truly â€Å"yours† or something you have earned or deserved. Rather, it is the sustenance (rizq) of Allah and His favor upon you and something which Allah has simply made you the temporary custodian (mustakhlaf) over. It was possessed by others before you and will be possessed by others after you. When one has this consciousness, then they will realize that the receiver is actually giving them a great gift and a great help by allowing them to worship and come close to Allah in this way – and not the other way around. So Muslims of understanding will never humiliate or belittle those to whom they give nor feel that they have done them a favor or that the receivers â€Å"owe† them anything like the ignorant and disbelieving do. If one does these things, it shows that their sadaqa is not genuine and it is invalidated and does them no good with Allah no matter how big and generous it may be. Allah said: â€Å"Yaa ayyuhaa alladhina aamanoo laa tubtiloo sadaqaatikum bi al-manni wa al-adhaa ka alladhiy yunfiqu maalahu ri’aa’a an-naasi wa laa yu’minu bi Allahi wa al-yaumi al-aakhiri.† â€Å"O, you who believe do not invalidate your charities with claims of generosity and harmfulness like the one who spends his wealth for the people to see but doesn’t believe in Allah and in the Last Day.† Al-Baqara:264 Islam encourages the giving of charity, but does not encourage the taking of charity let alone asking for it. Since there are always among us those who need assistance, this means that it is obligatory upon those with the means to look for places to put their sadaqa such those in need never need to ask and seek their help. The Prophet (sas) said: â€Å"Al-yadu al-‘ulyaa khairun min al-yadi as-suflaa wa ibda’ bi man ta’oolu wa khairu as-sadaqa maa kaana ‘an dhahri ghinaa wa man yasta’fif ya’iffuhu Allahu wa man yastighni yughnihi Allahu.† â€Å"The upper hand is superior to the lower hand. Start with those for whom you are responsible. The best charity is the one which leaves you free of need. Whoever abstains, Allah will dignify them and whoever maintains self-sufficiency, Allah will make them self-sufficient.† Al-Bukhari Sadaqa is one of the seven things which will get you shade in the Throne of Allah on the terrifying day of al-mahshar when there is no shade except for the shade of Allah. In the hadith: â€Å"Saba’atun yudhilluhum Allahu fiy dhillihi yauma laa dhilla illa dhilluhu†¦ wa rajulun tasaddaqa bi sadaqatin fa ikhfaahaa hattaa laa ta’lamu shimaaluhu maa tunfiqu yameenuhu† â€Å"Seven who Allahu will shade in His shade on the day when there is no shade except His shade†¦ and a man who gave something in charity secretly such that his left hand did not know what his right hand had given.† Muslim & Bukhari Before you think that your property is little or that you need to receive and not give, remember your standing before Allah. If two Muslims have a little and cling to it thinking â€Å"I have only a little†, then they will get no good deed from their wealth with which to face Allah. If the same two people give something of their minor wealth and, because Muslims are giving they also receive, they may end up with the same or more sustenance but also have a good deed with which to face Allah Most High. Giving is win-win situation! On that day, we will need everything possible to help us. Do not neglect any opportunity to send something forward for that day. Even a tiny act of giving could be the critical item which determines your fate in the eternal hereafter. The Prophet (sas) said: â€Å"Maa minkum min ahadin illa sayukallimuhu Allahu laisa bainahu wa bainahu turjumaan. Fa yandhuru aimana minhu falaa yaraa illa maa qaddama wa yandhuru ash’ama minhu falaa yaraa illa maa qaddam wa yandhuru baina yadaihi falaa yaraa illa an-naara tilqaa’a wajhihi fa ittaqoo an-naara wa lau bi shiqqi tamratin.† â€Å"There is not one single one of you but that Allah will speak to him with no interpreter between them. He will look to his right and see nothing but what he has sent forth. He will look to his left and see nothing but what he has sent forth. He will look in front of him and see nothing but the fire facing him. So beware of the fire – even if with just half a date.† Muslim & Bukhari Sadaqh e jariyah To spend in the path of Allah Ta’ala by way of helping the Deen of Allah is highly creditable and rewarding. Reward gained through sadaqh e jariyah attains continues reward even after our death. Indeed fortunate are those who have gained such tremendous benefits and Insha Allah will succeed in the hereafter. Some of the common contributions made in this respect are: donations towards the Masjid, building of Madrassahs, printing of Namaz, Yaseen Shareef, Durood and Salaam booklets etc. Undoubtedly these projects are required and should be encouraged because it benefits Islam. â€Å"Hazrath Abu Hurairah (RadiAllahAnho) has reported the messenger of Allah has said, â€Å"Among the actions and good deeds for which a believer will continue to receive reward, after his death, are knowledge which he taught and spread, a good son whom he left behind, or a copy of the Qur’an which he left as a legacy, or a mosque which he erected, or a house which he built for the traveller, or a stream which he caused to flow, or a Sadaqah which he gave from his property when he was alive and well, for which he will continue to receive reward after his death.† The above hadith indicates various ways to attain the reward of Sadaqa e Jariyah, and building a House of Allah Ta’ala is indeed one of the best form of Sadaqa-e-Jariyah. Riba/intrest Riba (Usury and Interest): According to Quran and Sunnah Riba (Usury) is of two major kinds: Riba An-Nasia – Interest on lent money Riba Al-Fadl – Taking a superior thing of the same kind of goods by giving more of the same kind of goods of inferior quality, eg, dates of superior quality for dates of inferior quality in great amounts. The definition of Interest, the literal meaning of interest or Al-Riba as it is used in the Arabic language means to excess or increase. In the Islamic terminology interest means effortless profit or that profit which comes free from compensation or that extra earning obtained that is free of exchange. Riba has been described as a loan with the condition that the borrower will return to the lender more than and better than the quantity borrowed. Due to the trend of interest money is going from the poor to the rich, whereas the rich are supposed to give money to the poor. Consequently, the rich are getting richer and the poor are becoming poorer. Islam completely prohibits interest as it clearly states in the Quran: â€Å"O you who believe, do not take interest, doubling and quadrupling, and keep your duty to Allah, so that you may proper.† Conclusion Overall, I feel that it is a fact of life that poverty exists and no being can deny this fact and say that there is no poverty in the world. As Allah has created poverty he has also created enough wealth to support the poor, and needy. Allah has gave wealth to some people and poverty to some both are a test from god, the one who is likely to succeed is the one who gives his extra wealth to the needy if he is wealthy or the one who is patient and keeps faith in god if he is poor. The system of usury has been introduced in to the world but Islam says whoever restrains from usury and earns and spends his wealth loyally to Islam and pays zakah will indeed succeed in the next life.   

The Run Down on Samples Essay for Kids Exposed

The Run Down on Samples Essay for Kids Exposed Therefore, you're in charge of that component of your child's education. Let's install automated hand dryers at our school whenever possible. A well-behaved boy should be useful to others. In summer, it is rather cool in the early hours, but later it gets very hot in the afternoon. The Fundamentals of Samples Essay for Kids Revealed Persuasive writing is what you want to produce a shift! You must also use transition words throughout your essay and end it using a closing sentence. In the event you may require assistance about how to compose an expository essay for children, speak to us. If, for example, you're writing an essay on training a dog in 5 steps, do not incorporate the initial 3 steps within a paragraph and your own personal knowledge in the conclusion. At length, you should give a last thought on this issue and call to action. Obviously, there's absolutely no definite solution to the question I used as a title. Consequently, they were provided a life sentence with no possibility of parole. In addition, life sentence ends the possible crimes of the exact magnitude later on because the other criminals have the ability to witness the execution of their colleague. The Upside to Samples Essay for Kids Read the review of to make sure this writing service is among the best on the internet within this field and learn what criteria should be utilized in its evaluation. It's only normal to be anxious about hiring an on-line essay writer as you can't ever be sure whether you are employing the proper service or not. It is advised to look for the one which has a great reputation and offers high-quality papers at economical prices. You should definitely take this service into account if you're new to the internet writing businesses. Fin ding the Best Samples Essay for Kids Remember kids aren't always great at reading and easily shed concentration, so attempt to create your essay short and clear to the point. You're in a correct writing to discover an assortment of sample essays and English speeches for children. There are many topic suggestions for kids' expository essays, however, you always need to choose something not complicated or may expect a lot of research. You must be as hands-on as your kids need during the growth of their very first essays. At this time you can begin creating special boards for your child's essays. If you would like your kid to compose amazing essays, you must motivate them to compose a good deal. Your kid was requested to compose an essay as part of a school project, or as a sort of essay contests for children, and you might find it hard to think of persuasive essay topics. Make certain you understand what the distinctive qualities of an argumentative essay are. You'll observe a similar structure in lots of the essays. Creative essays should have a topic. Browsing our essay writing samples can offer you a good idea whether the standard of our essays is the quality you're looking for. If parents wish to actually guard their children, they can start with listening to some of music they listen, and begin watching some TV programs their little one may watch. May is the latest month of summer. The children should know that they're loved, and can come to their parent with any issue. You will likely face an extremely frustrated child now. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Samples Essay for Kids Is Wrong Kids Essay writing is currently recognized among the most helpful activity for kids for their general personality development. Essay writing skills is a hard and time-consuming endeavor. One, we apply an extremely careful collection of our w riters. Our writers also undergo a string of other training that could truly convince us they are best for the job. It's very useful to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. If you would like to get much better idea about what the peculiarities of writing inside this subject field are, feel free to seek advice from our Natural sciences section. If life on other planets exists, it might be completely different from that which we are utilised to not just in form, but in fundamental principles also. There are a fantastic number of theories concerning extraterrestrial life.

Ford Case Study - 2191 Words

FORD CASE STUDY 1. Using competing values, assess why Ford is widely considered more effective than GM. How could GM have used the competing-values approach in the early 1980s to recognize that it had problems? †¢ In case of Ford motors they were earlier implementing the Rational Goal Model that lays immense emphasis of higher level of productivity, efficiency and profit. The decision-making is centralized to the higher-level authority with very less or no participation from the lower level staff in decision-making authority. †¢ But after the major drawback that hit Ford Motors by producing more and more of particular product without customizing the product they change their strategy and become more employee centered. They†¦show more content†¦The activities being performed by the employees are repetitive and an overall perspective of the organization is bureaucratic and mechanistic †¢ The environment for Ford Motor is not that simple and they cannot survive while continuing with the same techniques so what they decided was customize the product according to the needs of the consumers and cut the layers of management to give employees autonomy in decision making. †¢ Ford in order to create an effective structure-environment mix change its strategy and began to product stylish and customized that are suited to the needs of the customers. Apart from that they introduced a broad based cost cutting system and let the employees to participate and contribute their skills for the betterment of the organization. †¢ GM structure was a bit changed from that of Ford Motors as they are following decentralized authority with centralized control. GM had divisions rather than a strict centralized authority and the divisional head have the authority to take decision for their restricted division, but the headquarters controlled the overall operations. †¢ The environment demands products that are stylish and highly customized and GM is unable to meet the needs of the dynamic environment. They are very much inclined towards increasing the market share rather than customizing their product. As the environment is dynamic so they have to make alt eration that can beShow MoreRelatedFORD CASE STUDY2341 Words   |  10 PagesFour | Extending Marketing COMPANY Case Ford: Resurrecting an Iconic Company The old phrase, â€Å"The bigger they are, the harder they fall,† perfectly describes what has happened to the U.S. auto industry over the past decade. Consider the Ford Motor Company. In 1998, the iconic company accounted for 25 percent of all cars and trucks sold. Its F-series pickup was the best selling vehicle on the planet, with more than 800,000 units rolling off assembly lines. The Ford Explorer held the top slot in theRead MoreStudy Case Ford677 Words   |  3 PagesFord Motor Company-2007 Step 1 Identify the firm’s exiting vision, mission, objective and strategies (Executive summary). Vision: To become the world’s leading Consumer Company for automotive products and services. Mission: We are a global family with a proud heritage passionately committed to providing personal mobility for people around the world. We anticipate consumer need and deliver outstanding products and services that improve people’s lives. Strategies: Aggressively restructureRead MoreFord Case Study4710 Words   |  19 Pagestrend forecasted by the automotive industry, Ford wants to reposition itself and its business model regarding as how to better satisfy consumer needs, which is to produce smaller economic cars that the US middle-class customers value. Therefore, it seeks to take a new direction and to bring a revolution to the automobile industry, and to revive its glory years. A number of vehicle programs have been changed, delayed or even dropped throughout 2007. Ford officials believe that the shifts are aimedRead MoreFord and GM case study2227 Words   |  9 PagesQ: 1 Why are Ford and GM entering the Russian car market now? Why did they not invest earlier, and why do they do not postpone investment until the market is bigger? For any company going out for the foreign market is because of any one out of globalization, reducing tariff all over the world, to increase the market share, saturation of the local market, for getting the economies of scale of production, to use their excess capacity and use the resources where it is available at law cost. The severalRead MoreCase Study : Toyota And Ford Essay3044 Words   |  13 Pagesand their respective crises and the critical management decisions that were made and their impact. Toyota and Ford as we all know have a very strong industry reputation as well as millions of loyal and faithful followers and owners of their vehicles; however, these two giants of the automobile industry had two of the most publicized cases in modern day history. From 1973 to 1975, Ford’s case involved the explosion of its Pinto s defective fuel system design which led to the death of 27 people accordingRead MoreSullivan Ford Case Study3624 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction This case details the position of Carol Sullivan-Diaz, the 28-year-old daughter of Walter Sullivan who died at the age of 56. Walter had bought a Ford dealership in 1983 that eventually grew into what is now Sullivan Ford Auto World. The business sells cars but also services them. Carol is disappointed by current turnover in car sales and sees that the service revenues are below average for this size of dealership. Carol’s now has to decide what way to tackle the future. She canRead MoreCase Study: Ford Pinto598 Words   |  2 PagesCase study: Ford Pinto The actions of the Ford Motor Company during the manufacturing of its infamous Pinto vehicle are an illustration of how a negative organizational culture can impede clear thinking, even amongst highly-accomplished executives. Ford wished to create a vehicle that was inexpensive for consumers, but early tests of the Pinto showed that the Pinto had a tendency to blow up upon rear impact. Redesigning the vehicle would mean a long and costly delay, and Ford did not think itRead MoreFord Windstar Case Study2113 Words   |  9 PagesFORD WINDSTAR CASE ANALYSIS SUMMARY Minivan history and development Minivans ïÆ'   designed for families, for people with two or more children and who were tired of cramming into sedans for long and short-hour trips. Minivan is divided into 2 categories: LWB and SWB. It was first introduced by Dodge Caravan on 1983 and then followed by General Motors and Ford. SUMMARY Ford Windstar o Ford Windstar was introduced in Canada in 1991. o Windstar was the first to be given 5 stars rating by NHTSA o WindstarRead MoreFord Motor Case Study5714 Words   |  23 Pages– financial institute to achieve strategic success. Ford Motor Company has in recent times lost its market share to emerging Asian companies such as Honda, Toyota, Hyundai and Nissan. As a new landscape of economic might surfaces, new car stereotypes are emerging. Finding a place in these segments is proving difficult for Ford Motors and hence need to change its strategies. Hyper-competition combined with tough economic times has pushed Ford to the edge of insolvency. This paper examines the issuesRead MoreFord Motor Case Study1291 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary: Ford wanted to adapt the idea of virtual integration to improve its supply chain. By the use of technology; it wanted to reduce its working capital and increase profits. Moreover, the company was emphasizing more and more on shareholder value and customer responsiveness so they were looking into reengineering some of their processes which can help improve their current forecasting model and reduce OTD cycle times substantially. With new business models prevailing, Ford did not want to

Gay Adoption Policy Analysis - 3047 Words

I. Delinieation and Overview of the Policy Under Analysis Social attitudes about family life have undergone profound changes in recent decades. While public acceptance of homosexuality remains a deeply decisive issue, adoption by gays and lesbians has become increasingly acceptable, with 46% of the national population favoring gay adoption. (Pew Research Center, 2006) In New York State, statutes developed to permit gays to adopt are among the most permissive in the nation. New York Adoption Code 18 NYCRR 421.16 (h)(2) (2004) states that applicants shall not be rejected solely on the basis of homosexuality, which expressly prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation when determining who may adopt. According to The†¦show more content†¦(Kahan, 2006) Notice to birthparents was not required, and it is estimated that approximately half the children transported to the west were not actually orphans. (Pfeffer, 2002) Brace was a missionary who wished to remove children of poor Catholic families, and place them in Protestant farming families. (Pfeffer, 2002) The orphan train placements served as a foster care system, without payment to the foster families, and were a cost effective way to manage poor children, in contrast to institutionalizing those who could not live at home. (Kahan, 2006) An outcry against Braces orphan trains in the early 1900s, led advocates of children to the other extreme, in which families were to be preserved at all costs. (Carp, 1998) Rather than split up families, child welfare reformers worked to prevent the factors which caused a family to break up. Reforms resulting from these movements included establishment of the U.S. Childrens Bureau in 1912, creation of juvenile courts, and enactment of Mothers pensions. It was around this time that social work become professionalized, as case workers were utilized in family preservation and prevention. 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The Twilight Saga 4 Breaking Dawn 25. Favor Free Essays

string(41) " to keep the little monster entertained\." It was only a little while later that Edward reminded me of my priorities. It took him just one word. â€Å"Renesmee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I sighed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 25. Favor or any similar topic only for you Order Now She would be awake soon. It must be nearly seven in the morning. Would she be looking for me? Abruptly, something close to panic had my body freezing up. What would she look like today? Edward felt the total distraction of my stress. â€Å"It’s all right, love. Get dressed, and we’ll be back to the house in two seconds.† I probably looked like a cartoon, the way I sprung up, then looked back at him – his diamond body faintly glinting in the diffuse light – then away to the west, where Renesmee waited, then back at him again, then back toward her, my head whipping from side to side a half dozen times in a second. Edward smiled, but didn’t laugh; he was a strong man. â€Å"It’s all about balance, love. You’re so good at all of this, I don’t imagine it will take too long to put everything in perspective.† â€Å"And we have all night, right?† He smiled wider. â€Å"Do you think I could bear to let you get dressed now if that weren’t the case?† That would have to be enough to get me through the daylight hours. I would balance this overwhelming, devastating desire so that I could be a good – It was hard to think the word. Though Renesmee was very real and vital in my life, it was still difficult to think of myself as a mother. I supposed anyone would feel the same, though, without nine months to get used to the idea. And with a child that changed by the hour. The thought of Renesmee’s speeding life had me stressed-out again in an instant. I didn’t even pause at the ornately carved double doors to catch my breath before finding out what Alice had done. I just burst through, intent on wearing the first things I touched. I should have known it wouldn’t be that easy. â€Å"Which ones are mine?† I hissed. As promised, the room was bigger than our bedroom. It might have been bigger than the rest of the house put together, but I’d have to pace it off to be positive. I had a brief mental flash of Alice trying to persuade Esme to ignore classic proportions and allow this monstrosity. I wondered how Alice had won that one. Everything was wrapped in garment bags, pristine and white, row after row after row. â€Å"To the best of my knowledge, everything but this rack here† – he touched a bar that stretched along the half-wall to the left of the door – â€Å"is yours.† â€Å"All of this?† He shrugged. â€Å"Alice,† we said together. He said her name like an explanation; I said it like an expletive. â€Å"Fine,† I muttered, and I pulled down the zipper on the closest bag. I growled under my breath when I saw the floorlength silk gown inside – baby pink. Finding something normal to wear could take all day! â€Å"Let me help,† Edward offered. He sniffed carefully at the air and then followed some scent to the back of the long room. There was a built-in dresser there. He sniffed again, then opened a drawer. With a triumphant grin, he held out a pair of artfully faded blue jeans. I flitted to his side. â€Å"How did you do that?† â€Å"Denim has its own scent just like anything else. Now†¦ stretch cotton?† He followed his nose to a half-rack, unearthing a long-sleeved white t-shirt. He tossed it to me. â€Å"Thanks,† I said fervently. I inhaled each fabric, memorizing the scent for future searches through this madhouse. I remembered silk and satin; I would avoid those. It only took him seconds to find his own clothes – if I hadn’t seen him undressed, I would have sworn there was nothing more beautiful than Edward in his khakis and pale beige pullover – and then he took my hand. We darted through the hidden garden, leaped lightly over the stone wall, and hit the forest at a dead sprint. I pulled my hand free so that we could race back. He beat me this time. Renesmee was awake; she was sitting up on the floor with Rose and Emmett hovering over her, playing with a little pile of twisted silverware. She had a mangled spoon in her right hand. As soon as she spied me through the glass, she chucked the spoon on the floor – where it left a divot in the wood – and pointed in my direction imperiously. Her audience laughed; Alice, Jasper, Esme, and Carlisle were sitting on the couch, watching her as if she were the most engrossing film. I was through the door before their laughter had barely begun, bounding across the room and scooping her up from the floor in the same second. We smiled widely at each other. She was different, but not so much. A little longer again, her proportions drifting from babyish to childlike. Her hair was longer by a quarter inch, the curls bouncing like springs with every movement. I’d let my imagination run wild on the trip back, and I’d imagined worse than this. Thanks to my overdone fears, these little changes were almost a relief. Even without Carlisle’s measurements, I was sure the changes were slower than yesterday. Renesmee patted my cheek. I winced. She was hungry again. â€Å"How long has she been up?† I asked as Edward disappeared through the kitchen doorway. I was sure he was on his way to get her breakfast, having seen what she’d just thought as clearly as I had. I wondered if he would ever have noticed her little quirk, if he’d been the only one to know her. To him, it probably would have seemed like hearing anyone. â€Å"Just a few minutes,† Rose said. â€Å"We would have called you soon. She’s been asking for you – demandingmight be a better description. Esme sacrificed her second-best silver service to keep the little monster entertained. You read "The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 25. Favor" in category "Essay examples"† Rose smiled at Renesmee with so much gloating affection that the criticism was entirely weightless. â€Å"We didn’t want to†¦ er, bother you.† Rosalie bit her lip and looked away, trying not to laugh. I could feel Emmett’s silent laughter behind me, sending vibrations through the foundations of the house. I kept my chin high. â€Å"We’ll get your room set up right away,† I said to Renesmee. â€Å"You’ll like the cottage. It’s magic.† I look up at Esme. â€Å"Thank you, Esme. So much. It’s absolutely perfect.† Before Esme could respond, Emmett was laughing again – it wasn’t silent this time. â€Å"So it’s still standing?† he managed to get out between his snickers. â€Å"I would’ve thought you two had knocked it to rubble by now. What were you doing last night? Discussing the national debt?† He howled with laughter. I gritted my teeth and reminded myself of the negative consequences when I’d let my temper get away from me yesterday. Of course, Emmett wasn’t as breakable as Seth___ Thinking of Seth made me wonder. â€Å"Where’re the wolves today?† I glanced out the window wall, but there had been no sign of Leah on the way in. â€Å"Jacob took off this morning pretty early,† Rosalie told me, a little frown creasing her forehead. â€Å"Seth followed him out.† â€Å"What was he so upset about?† Edward asked as he came back into the room with Renesmee’s cup. There must have been more in Rosalie’s memory than I’d seen in her expression. Without breathing, I handed Renesmee off to Rosalie. Super-self-control, maybe, but there was no way I was going to be able to feed her. Not yet. â€Å"I don’t know – or care,† Rosalie grumbled, but she answered Edward’s question more fully. â€Å"He was watching Nessie sleep, his mouth hanging open like the moron he is, and then he just jumped to his feet without any kind of trigger – that I noticed, anyway – and stormed out. was glad to be rid of him. The more time he spends here, the less chance there is that we’ll ever get the smell out.† â€Å"Rose,† Esme chided gently. Rosalie flipped her hair. â€Å"I suppose it doesn’t matter. We won’t be here that much longer.† â€Å"I still say we should go straight to New Hampshire and get things set up,† Emmett said, obviously continuing an earlier conversation. â€Å"Bella’s already registered at Dartmouth. Doesn’t look like it will take her all that long to be able to handle school.† He turned to look at me with a teasing grin. Tm sure you’ll ace your classes†¦ apparently there’s nothing interesting for you to do at night besides study.† Rosalie giggled. Do not lose your temper, do not lose your temper,I chanted to myself. And then I was proud of myself for keeping my head. So I was pretty surprised that Edward didn’t. He growled – an abrupt, shocking rasp of sound – and the blackest fury rolled across his expression like storm clouds. Before any of us could respond, Alice was on her feet. â€Å"What is he doing? What is that dog doing that has erased my schedule for the entire day? I can’t see anything] No!† She shot me a tortured glance. â€Å"Look at you! You neec/meto show you how to use your closet.† For one second I was grateful for whatever Jacob was up to. And then Edward’s hands balled up into fists and he snarled, â€Å"He talked to Charlie. He thinks Charlie is following after him. Coming here. Today.† Alice said a word that sounded very odd in her trilling, ladylike voice, and then she blurred into motion, streaking out the backdoor. â€Å"He told Charlie?† I gasped. â€Å"But – doesn’t he understand? How could he do that?† Charlie couldn’t know about me! About vampires! That would put him on a hit list that even the Cullens couldn’t save him from. â€Å"No!† Edward spoke through his teeth. â€Å"Jacob’s on his way in now.† It must have started raining farther east. Jacob came through the door shaking his wet hair like a dog, flipping droplets on the carpet and the couch where they made little round gray spots on the white. His teeth glinted against his dark lips; his eyes were bright and excited. He walked with jerky movements, like he was all hyped-up about destroying my father’s life. â€Å"Hey, guys,† he greeted us, grinning. It was perfectly silent. Leah and Seth slipped in behind him, in their human forms – for now; both of their hands were trembling with the tension in the room. â€Å"Rose,† I said, holding my arms out. Wordlessly, Rosalie handed me Renesmee. I pressed her close to my motionless heart, holding her like a talisman against rash behavior. I would keep her in my arms until I was sure my decision to kill Jacob was based entirely on rational judgment rather than fury. She was very still, watching and listening. How much did she understand? â€Å"Charlie’ll be here soon,† Jacob said to me casually. â€Å"Just a heads-up. I assume Alice is getting you sunglasses or something?† â€Å"You assume way too much,† I spit through my teeth. â€Å"What. Have. You. Done?† Jacob’s smile wavered, but he was still too wound up to answer seriously. â€Å"Biondie and Emmett woke me up this morning going on and on about you all moving cross-country. Like I could let you leave. Charlie was the biggest issue there, right? Well, problem solved.’7 â€Å"Do you even realize what you’ve done? The danger you’ve put him in?† He snorted. â€Å"I didn’t put him in danger. Except from you. But you’ve got some kind of supernatural self-control, right? Not as good as mind reading, if you ask me. Much less exciting.† Edward moved then, darting across the room to get in Jacob’s face. Though he was half a head shorter than Jacob, Jacob leaned away from his staggering anger as if Edward towered over him. â€Å"That’s just a theory, mongrel,† he snarled. â€Å"You think we should test it out on Charlie? Did you consider the physical pain you’re putting Bella through, even if she can resist? Or the emotional pain if she doesn’t? I suppose what happens to Bella no longer concerns you!† He spit the last word. Renesmee pressed her fingers anxiously to my cheek, anxiety coloring the replay in her head. Edward’s words finally cut through Jacob’s strangely electric mood. His mouth dropped into a frown. â€Å"Bella will be in pain?† â€Å"Like you’ve shoved a white-hot branding iron down her throat!† I flinched, remembering the scent of pure human blood. â€Å"I didn’t know that,† Jacob whispered. â€Å"Then perhaps you should have asked first,† Edward growled back through his teeth. â€Å"You would have stopped me.† â€Å"You should have been stopped – â€Å" â€Å"This isn’t about me,† I interrupted. I stood very still, keeping my hold on Renesmee and sanity. â€Å"This is about Charlie, Jacob. How could you put him in danger this way? Do you realize it’s death or vampire life for him now, too?† My voice trembled with the tears my eyes could no longer shed. Jacob was still troubled by Edward’s accusations, but mine didn’t seem to bother him. â€Å"Relax, Bella. I didn’t tell him anything you weren’t planning to tell him.† â€Å"But he’s coming here!† â€Å"Yeah, that’s the idea. Wasn’t the whole let him make the wrong assumptions’ thing your plan? I think I provided a very nice red herring, if I do say so myself.† My fingers flexed away from Renesmee. I curled them back in securely. â€Å"Say it straight, Jacob. I don’t have the patience for this.† â€Å"I didn’t tell him anything about you, Bella. Not really. I told him about me. Well, show is probably a better verb.† â€Å"He phased in front of Charlie,† Edward hissed. I whispered, â€Å"You what?† â€Å"He’s brave. Brave as you are. Didn’t pass out or throw up or anything. I gotta say, I was impressed. You should’ve seen his face when I started taking my clothes off, though. Priceless,† Jacob chortled. â€Å"You absolute moronl You could have given him a heart attack!† â€Å"Charlie’s fine. He’s tough. If you’d give this just a minute, you’ll see that I did you a favor here.† â€Å"You have half of that, Jacob.† My voice was flat and steely. â€Å"You have thirty seconds to tell me every single word before I give Renesmee to Rosalie and rip your miserable head off. Seth won’t be able to stop me this time.† â€Å"Jeez, Bells. You didn’t used to be so melodramatic. Is that a vampire thing?† â€Å"Twenty-six seconds.† Jacob rolled his eyes and flopped into the nearest chair. His little pack moved to stand on his flanks, not at all relaxed the way he seemed to be; Leah’s eyes were on me, her teeth slightly bared. â€Å"So I knocked on Charlie’s door this morning and asked him to come for a walk with me. He was confused, but when I told him it was about you and that you were back in town, he followed me out to the woods. I told him you weren’t sick anymore, and that things were a little weird, but good. He was about to take off to see you, but I told him I had to show him something first. And then I phased.† Jacob shrugged. My teeth felt like a vise was pushing them together. â€Å"I want every word, you monster.† â€Å"Well, you said I only had thirty seconds – okay, okay.† My expression must have convinced him that I wasn’t in the mood for teasing. â€Å"Lemme see†¦ I phased back and got dressed, and then after he started breathing again, I said something like, ‘Charlie, you don’t live in the world you thought you lived in. The good news is, nothing has changed – except that now you know. Life’ll go on the same way it always has. You can go right back to pretending that you don’t believe any of this.’ â€Å"It took him a minute to get his head together, and then he wanted to know what was really going on with you, with the whole rare-disease thing. I told him that you had been sick, but you were fine now – it was just that you’d had to change a little bit in the process of getting better. He wanted to know what I meant by ‘change,’ and I told him that you looked a lot more like Esme now than you looked like Renee.† Edward hissed while I stared in horror; this was headed in a dangerous direction. â€Å"After a few minutes, he asked, real quietly, if you turned into an animal, too. And I said, ‘She wishes she was that cool!'† Jacob chuckled. Rosalie made a noise of disgust. â€Å"I started to tell him more about werewolves, but I didn’t even get the whole word out – Charlie cut me off and said he’d ‘rather not know the specifics.’ Then he asked if you’d known what you were getting yourself into when you married Edward, and I said, ‘Sure, she’s known all about this for years, since she first came to Forks.’ He didn’t like that very much. I let him rant till he got it out of his system. After he got calmed down, he just wanted two things. He wanted to see you, and I said it would be better if he gave me a head start to explain.† I inhaled deeply. â€Å"What was the other thing he wanted?† Jacob smiled. â€Å"You’ll like this. His main request is that he be told as little as possible about all of this. If it’s not absolutely essential for him to know something, then keep it to yourself. Need to know, only.† I felt relief for the first time since Jacob had walked in. â€Å"I can handle that part.† â€Å"Other than that, he’d just like to pretend things are normal.† Jacob’s smile turned smug; he must suspect that I would be starting to feel the first faint stirrings of gratitude about now. â€Å"What did you tell him about Renesmee?† I struggled to maintain the razor edge in my voice, fighting the reluctant appreciation. It was premature. There was still so much wrong with this situation. Even if Jacob’s intervention had brought out a better reaction in Charlie than I’d ever hoped for†¦ â€Å"Oh yeah. So I told him that you and Edward had inherited a new little mouth to feed.† He glanced at Edward. â€Å"She’s your orphaned ward – like Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson.† Jacob snorted. â€Å"I didn’t think you’d mind me lying. That’s all part of the game, right?† Edward didn’t respond in any way, so Jacob went on. â€Å"Charlie was way past being shocked at this point, but he did ask if you were adopting her. ‘Like a daughter? Like I’m sort of a grandfather?’ were his exact words. I told him yes. ‘Congrats, Gramps, and all of that. He even smiled a little.† The stinging returned to my eyes, but not out of fear or anguish this time. Charlie was smiling at the idea of being a grandpa? Charlie would meet Renesmee? â€Å"But she’s changing so fast,† I whispered. â€Å"I told him that she was more special than all of us put together,† Jacob said in a soft voice. He stood and walked right up to me, waving Leah and Seth off when they started to follow. Renesmee reached out to him, but I hugged her more tightly to me. â€Å"I told him, Trust me, you don’t want to know about this. But if you can ignore all the strange parts, you’re going to be amazed. She’s the most wonderful person in the whole world.’ And then I told him that if he could deal with that, you all would stick around for a while and he would have a chance to get to know her. But that if it was too much for him, you would leave. He said as long as no one forced too much information on him, he’d deal.† Jacob stared at me with half a smile, waiting. â€Å"I’m not going to say thank you,† I told him. â€Å"You’re still putting Charlie at a huge risk.† â€Å"I am sorry about it hurting you. I didn’t know it was like that. Bella, things are different with us now, but you’ll always be my best friend, and I’ll always love you. But I’ll love you the right way now. There’s finally a balance. We both have people we can’t live without.† He smiled his very most Jacob-y smile. â€Å"Still friends?† Try as hard as I could to resist, I had to smile back. Just a tiny smile. He held out his hand: an offer. I took a deep breath and shifted Renesmee’s weight to one arm. I put my left hand in his – he didn’t even flinch at the feel of my cool skin. â€Å"If I don’t kill Charlie tonight, I’ll consider forgiving you for this.† â€Å"Whenyou don’t kill Charlie tonight, you’ll owe me huge.† I rolled my eyes. He held out his other hand toward Renesmee, a request this time. â€Å"Can I?† â€Å"I’m actually holding her so that my hands aren’t free to kill you, Jacob. Maybe later.† He sighed but didn’t push me on it. Wise of him. Alice raced back through the door then, her hands full and her expression promising violence. â€Å"You, you, and you,† she snapped, glaring at the werewolves. â€Å"If you must stay, get over in the corner and commit to being there for a while. I need to see. Bella, you’d better give him the baby, too. You’ll need your arms free, anyway.† Jacob grinned in triumph. Undiluted fear ripped through my stomach as the enormity of what I was about to do hit me. I was going to gamble on my iffy self-control with my pure human father as the guinea pig. Edward’s earlier words crashed in my ears again. Did you consider the physical pain you’re putting Bella through, even if she can resist? Or the emotional pain if she doesn’t? I couldn’t imagine the pain of failure. My breathing turned to gasps. â€Å"Take her,† I whispered, sliding Renesmee into Jacob’s arms. He nodded, concern wrinkling his forehead. He gestured to the others, and they all went to the far corner of the room. Seth and Jake slouched on the floor at once, but Leah shook her head and pursed her lips. â€Å"Am I allowed to leave?† she griped. She looked uncomfortable in her human body, wearing the same dirty t-shirt and cotton shorts she’d worn to shriek at me the other day, her short hair sticking up in irregular tufts. Her hands were still shaking. â€Å"Of course,† Jake said. â€Å"Stay east so you don’t cross Charlie’s path,† Alice added. Leah didn’t look at Alice; she ducked out the back door and stomped into the bushes to phase. Edward was back at my side, stroking my face. â€Å"You can do this. I know you can. Ill help you; we all will.† I met Edward’s eyes with panic screaming from my face. Was he strong enough to stop me if I made a wrong move? â€Å"If I didn’t believe you could handle it, we’d disappear today. This very minute. But you can. And you’ll be happier if you can have Charlie in your life.† I tried to slow my breathing. Alice held out her hand. There was a small white box on her palm. â€Å"These will irritate your eyes – they won’t hurt, but they’ll cloud your vision. It’s annoying. They also won’t match your old color, but it’s still better than bright red, right?† She flipped the contact box into the air and I caught it. â€Å"When did you – â€Å" â€Å"Before you left on the honeymoon. I was prepared for several possible futures.† I nodded and opened the container. I’d never worn contacts before, but it couldn’t be that hard. I took the little brown quarter-sphere and pressed it, concave side in, to my eye. I blinked, and a film interrupted my sight. I could see through it, of course, but I could also see the texture of the thin screen. My eye kept focusing on the microscopic scratches and warped sections. â€Å"I see what you mean,† I murmured as I stuck the other one in. I tried to not blink this time. My eye automatically wanted to dislodge the obstruction. â€Å"How do I look?† Edward smiled. â€Å"Gorgeous. Of course – â€Å" â€Å"Yes, yes, she always looks gorgeous,† Alice finished his thought impatiently. â€Å"It’s better than red, but that’s the highest commendation I can give. Muddy brown. Your brown was much prettier. Keep in mind that those won’t last forever – the venom in your eyes will dissolve them in a few hours. So if Charlie stays longer than that, you’ll have to excuse yourself to replace them. Which is a good idea anyway, because humans need bathroom breaks.† She shook her head. â€Å"Esme, give her a few pointers on acting human while I stock the powder room with contacts.† â€Å"How long do I have?† â€Å"Charlie will be here in five minutes. Keep it simple.† Esme nodded once and came to take my hand. â€Å"The main thing is not to sit too still or move too fast,† she told me. â€Å"Sit down if he does,† Emmett interjected. â€Å"Humans don’t like to just stand there.† â€Å"Let your eyes wander every thirty seconds or so,† Jasper added. â€Å"Humans don’t stare at one thing for too long.† â€Å"Cross your legs for about five minutes, then switch to crossing your ankles for the next five,† Rosalie said. I nodded once at each suggestion. I’d noticed them doing some of these things yesterday. I thought I could mimic their actions. â€Å"And blink at least three times a minute,† Emmett said. He frowned, then darted to where the television remote sat on the end table. He flipped the TV on to a college football game and nodded to himself. â€Å"Move your hands, too. Brush your hair back or pretend to scratch something,† Jasper said. â€Å"I said Esme† Alice complained as she returned. â€Å"You’ll overwhelm her.† â€Å"No, I think I got it all,† I said. â€Å"Sit, look around, blink, fidget.† â€Å"Right,† Esme approved. She hugged my shoulders. Jasper frowned. â€Å"You’ll be holding your breath as much as possible, but you need to move your shoulders a little to make it /oo/clike you’re breathing.† I inhaled once and then nodded again. Edward hugged me on my free side. â€Å"You can do this,† he repeated, murmuring the encouragement in my ear. â€Å"Two minutes,† Alice said. â€Å"Maybe you should start out already on the couch. You’ve been sick, after all. That way he won’t have to see you move right at first.† Alice pulled me to the sofa. I tried to move slowly, to make my limbs more clumsy. She rolled her eyes, so I must not have been doing a good job. â€Å"Jacob, I need Renesmee,† I said. Jacob frowned, unmoving. Alice shook her head. â€Å"Bella, that doesn’t help me see.† â€Å"But I need her. She keeps me calm.’7The edge of panic in my voice was unmistakable. â€Å"Fine,† Alice groaned. â€Å"Hold her as still as you can and I’ll try to see around her.† She sighed wearily, like she’d been asked to work overtime on a holiday. Jacob sighed, too, but brought Renesmee to me, and then retreated quickly from Alice’s glare. Edward took a seat beside me and put his arms around Renesmee and me. He leaned forward and looked Renesmee very seriously in the eyes. â€Å"Renesmee, someone special is coming to see you and your mother,† he said in a solemn voice, as if he expected her to understand every word. Did she? She looked back at him with clear, grave eyes. â€Å"But he’s not like us, or even like Jacob. We have to be very careful with him. You shouldn’t tell him things the way you tell us.† Renesmee touched his face. â€Å"Exactly,† he said. â€Å"And he’s going to make you thirsty. But you mustn’t bite him. He won’t heal like Jacob.† â€Å"Can she understand you?† I whispered. â€Å"She understands. You’ll be careful, won’t you, Renesmee? You’ll help us?† Renesmee touched him again. â€Å"No, I don’t care if you bite Jacob. That’s fine.† Jacob chuckled. â€Å"Maybe you should leave, Jacob,† Edward said coldly, glaring in his direction. Edward hadn’t forgiven Jacob, because he knew that no matter what happened now, I was going to be hurting. But I’d take the burn happily if that were the worst thing I’d face tonight. â€Å"I told Charlie I’d be here,† Jacob said. â€Å"He needs the moral support.† â€Å"Moral support,† Edward scoffed. â€Å"As far as Charlie knows, you’re the most repulsive monster of us all.† â€Å"Repulsive?† Jake protested, and then he laughed quietly to himself. I heard the tires turn off the highway onto the quiet, damp earth of the Cullens’ drive, and my breathing spiked again. My heart ought to have been hammering. It made me anxious that my body didn’t have the right reactions. I concentrated on the steady thrumming of Renesmee’s heart to calm myself. It worked pretty quickly. â€Å"Well done, Bella,† Jasper whispered in approval. Edward tightened his arm over my shoulders. â€Å"You’re sure?† I asked him. â€Å"Positive. You can do anything† He smiled and kissed me. It wasn’t precisely a peck on the lips, and my wild vampiric reactions took me off guard yet again. Edward’s lips were like a shot of some addictive chemical straight into my nervous system. I was instantly craving more. It took all my concentration to remember the baby in my arms. Jasper felt my mood change. â€Å"Er, Edward, you might not want to distract her like that right now. She needs to be able to focus.† Edward pulled away. â€Å"Oops,† he said. I laughed. That had been my line from the very beginning, from the very first kiss. â€Å"Later,† I said, and anticipation curled my stomach into a ball. â€Å"Focus, Bella,† Jasper urged. â€Å"Right.† i pushed the trembly feelings away. Charlie, that was the main thing now. Keep Charlie safe today. We would have all night___ â€Å"Bella.† â€Å"Sorry, Jasper.† Emmett laughed. The sound of Charlie’s cruiser got closer and closer. The second of levity passed, and everyone was still. I crossed my legs and practiced my blinks. The car pulled in front of the house and idled for a few seconds. I wondered if Charlie was as nervous as I was. Then the engine cut off, and a door slammed. Three steps across the grass, and then eight echoing thuds against the wooden stairs. Four more echoing footsteps across the porch. Then silence. Charlie took two deep breaths. Knock, knock, knock. I inhaled for what might be the last time. Renesmee nestled deeper into my arms, hiding her face in my hair. Carlisle answered the door. His stressed expression changed to one of welcome, like switching the channel on the TV. â€Å"Hello, Charlie,† he said, looking appropriately abashed. After all, we were supposed to be in Atlanta at the Center for Disease Control. Charlie knew he’d been lied to. â€Å"Carlisle,† Charlie greeted him stiffly. â€Å"Where’s Bella?† â€Å"Right here, Dad.† Ugh! My voice was so wrong. Plus, I’d used up some of my air supply. I gulped in a quick refill, glad that Charlie’s scent had not saturated the room yet. Charlie’s blank expression told me how off my voice was. His eyes zeroed in on me and widened. I read the emotions as they scrolled across his face. Shock. Disbelief. Pain. Loss. Fear. Anger. Suspicion. More pain. I bit my lip. It felt funny. My new teeth were sharper against my granite skin than my human teeth had been against my soft human lips. â€Å"Is that you, Bella?† he whispered. â€Å"Yep.† I winced at my wind-chime voice. â€Å"Hi, Dad.† He took a deep breath to steady himself. â€Å"Hey, Charlie,† Jacob greeted him from the corner. â€Å"How’re things?† Charlie glowered at Jacob once, shuddered at a memory, and then stared at me again. Slowly, Charlie walked across the room until he was a few feet away from me. He darted an accusing glare at Edward, and then his eyes flickered back to me. The warmth of his body heat beat against me with each pulse of his heart. â€Å"Bella?† heasked again. I spoke in a lower voice, trying to keep the ring out of it.†It’s really me.† His jaw locked. â€Å"I’m sorry, Dad,† I said. â€Å"Are you okay?† he demanded. â€Å"Really and truly great,† I promised. â€Å"Healthy as a horse.† That was it for my oxygen. â€Å"Jake told me this was†¦ necessary. That you were dying.† He said the words like he didn’t believe them one bit. I steeled myself, focused on Renesmee’s warm weight, leaned into Edward for support, and took a deep breath. Charlie’s scent was a fistful of flames, punching straight down my throat. But it was so much more than pain. It was a hot stabbing of desire, too. Charlie smelled more delicious than anything I’d ever imagined. As appealing as the anonymous hikers had been on the hunt, Charlie was doubly tempting. And he was just a few feet away, leaking mouthwatering heat and moisture into the dry air. But I wasn’t hunting now. And this was my father. Edward squeezed my shoulders sympathetically, and Jacob shot an apologetic glance at me across the room. I tried to collect myself and ignore the pain and longing of the thirst. Charlie was waiting for my answer. â€Å"Jacob was telling you the truth.† â€Å"That makes one of you,† Charlie growled. I hoped Charlie could see past the changes in my new face to read the remorse there. Under my hair, Renesmee sniffed as Charlie’s scent registered with her, too. I tightened my grip on her. Charlie saw my anxious glance down and followed it. â€Å"Oh,† he said, and all the anger fell off his face, leaving only shock behind. â€Å"This is her. The orphan Jacob said you’re adopting.† â€Å"My niece,† Edward lied smoothly. He must have decided that the resemblance between Renesmee and him was too pronounced to be ignored. Best to claim they were related from the beginning. â€Å"I thought you’d lost your family,† Charlie said, accusation returning to his voice. â€Å"I lost my parents. My older brother was adopted, like me. I never saw him after that. But the courts located me when he and his wife died in a car accident, leaving their only child without any other family.† Edward was so good at this. His voice was even, with just the right amount of innocence. I needed practice so that I could do that. Renesmee peeked out from under my hair, sniffing again. She glanced shyly at Charlie from under her long lashes, then hid again. â€Å"She’s†¦ she’s,well, she’s a beauty.† â€Å"Yes,† Edward agreed. â€Å"Kind of a big responsibility, though. You two are just getting started.† â€Å"What else could we do?† Edward brushed his fingers lightly over her cheek. I saw him touch her lips for just a moment – a reminder. â€Å"Would you have refused her?† â€Å"Hmph. Well.† Heshook his head absently. â€Å"Jake says you call her Nessie?† â€Å"No, we don’t,† I said, my voice too sharp and piercing. â€Å"Her name is Renesmee.† Charlie refocused on me. â€Å"How do you feel about this? Maybe Carlisle and Esme could – â€Å" â€Å"She’s mine,† I interrupted. â€Å"I want her.† Charlie frowned. â€Å"You gonna make me a grandpa so young?† Edward smiled. â€Å"Carlisle is a grandfather, too.† Charlie shot an incredulous glance at Carlisle, still standing by the front door; he looked like Zeus’s younger, better-looking brother. Charlie snorted and then laughed. â€Å"I guess that does sort of make me feel better.†His eyes strayed back to Renesmee. â€Å"She sure is something to look at.† His warm breath blew lightly across the space between us. Renesmee leaned toward the smell, shaking off my hair and looking him full in the face for the first time. Charlie gasped. I knew what he was seeing. My eyes – his eyes – copied exactly into her perfect face. Charlie started hyperventilating. His lips trembled, and I could read the numbers he mouthed. He was counting backward, trying to fit nine months into one. Trying to put it together but not able to force the evidence right in front of him to make any sense. Jacob got up and came over to pat Charlie on the back. He leaned in to whisper something in Charlie’s ear; only Charlie didn’t know we could all hear. â€Å"Need to know, Charlie. It’s okay. I promise.† Charlie swallowed and nodded. And then his eyes blazed as he took a step closer to Edward with his fists tightly clenched. â€Å"I don’t want to know everything, but I’m done with the lies!† â€Å"I’m sorry,† Edward said calmly, â€Å"but you need to know the public story more than you need to know the truth. If you’re going to be part of this secret, the public story is the one that counts. It’s to protect Bella and Renesmee as well as the rest of us. Can you go along with the lies for them?† The room wasfull of statues. I crossed my ankles. Charlie huffed once and then turned his glare on me. â€Å"You might’ve given me some warning, kid.† â€Å"Would it really have made this any easier?† He frowned, and then he knelt on the floor in front of me. I could see the movement of the blood in his neck under his skin. I could feel the warm vibration of it. So could Renesmee. She smiled and reached one pink palm out to him. I held her back. She pushed her other hand against my neck, thirst, curiosity, and Charlie’s face in her thoughts. There was a subtle edge to the message that made me think that she’d understood Edward’s words perfectly; she acknowledged thirst, but overrode it in the same thought. â€Å"Whoa,† Charlie gasped, his eyes on her perfect teeth. â€Å"How old is she?† â€Å"Urn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Three months,† Edward said, and then added slowly, â€Å"rather, she’s the size of a three-month-old, more or less. She’s younger in some ways, more mature in others.† Very deliberately, Renesmee waved at him. Charlie blinked spastically. Jacob elbowed him. â€Å"Told you she was special, didn’t I?† Charlie cringed away from the contact. â€Å"Oh, c’mon, Charlie,† Jacob groaned. â€Å"I’m the same person I’ve always been. Just pretend this afternoon didn’t happen.† The reminder made Charlie’s lips go white, but he nodded once. â€Å"Just what is your part in all this, Jake?† he asked. â€Å"How much does Billy know? Why are you here?† He looked at Jacob’s face, which was glowing as he stared at Renesmee. â€Å"Well, I could tell you all about it – Billy knows absolutely everything – but it involves a lot of stuff about werewo – â€Å" â€Å"Ungh!† Charlie protested, covering his ears. â€Å"Never mind.† Jacob grinned. â€Å"Everything’s going to be great, Charlie. Just try to not believe anything you see.† My dad mumbled something unintelligible. â€Å"Woo!† Emmett suddenly boomed in his deep bass. â€Å"Go Gators!† Jacob and Charlie jumped. The rest of us froze. Charlie recovered, then looked at Emmett over his shoulder. â€Å"Florida winning?† â€Å"Just scored the first touchdown,† Emmett confirmed. He shot a look in my direction, wagging his eyebrows like a villain in vaudeville. â€Å"‘Bout time somebody scored around here.† I fought back a hiss. In front of Charlie? That was over the line. But Charlie was beyond noticing innuendos. He took yet another deep breath, sucking the air in like he was trying to pull it down to his toes. I envied him. He lurched to his feet, stepped around Jacob, and half-fell into an open chair. â€Å"Well,† he sighed, â€Å"I guess we should see if they can hold on to the lead.† How to cite The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 25. Favor, Essay examples

Nestle Milo The Malted Chocolate Powder and Drink Free Solution

Question: Write essay on "Milo, a Chocolate and Malt Powder". Answer: 1.Product overview Milo, a chocolate and malt powder that is mixed with either hot or cold water or milk to produce a beverage is popular in many parts of the world and is one of the many products produced by Nestle Company. Milo was developed by an Australian industrial chemist and inventor, Thomas Mayne and launched at the Sydney Royal Easter Show in the year 1934.The product was named after a famous ancient athlete known as Milo of croton after his legendary strength since milo was a product meant to boost a consumers energy levels. The manufacture of milo is a continuous process that takes like an hour and it involves the evaporation of the water content from thick syrup that is normally obtained from malted barley or wheat at reduced pressure. The varying sized chunks of soft solid, from fist size to fine powder, fall from the last conveyer into an airlock. The solid is then introduced into a hammer mill where it is broken up into the final final granular form. The granular powder is then packaged into green cans as green is the colour scheme of milo. Milo can be consumed in a number of ways including; adding the milo to hot or cold water and/or to milk to make a malted chocolate beverage and since it does not readily dissolve in cold milk, it retains the gritty texture of its raw state. It can also be microwaved for about 40 to 60 seconds giving it a biscuity cover on top. Milo can also be stirred into steamed milk to make a drink like hot cocoa or chocolate .Other uses include sprinkling it on breakfast cereals and ice cream as well. Milo manufactured outside Australia is customised for local methods of preparation. In Singapore, there is also iced milo which is available even in fast food restaurants. The availability of several milo products make it even more attractive to consumers. Milo products include the following: Milo powder Milo ready to drink Milo chocolate bars and wafers Milo Protomalt; etc. 2.Advertising Strategies Swiss food Giant Nestle is the worlds largest food company producing over 100 products with milo being the most loved product of Nestle in Singapore due its nutritional value. With the concept of more malt as well as more milk, it has become a household name due to its energy provision role. In the early post-war days, advertisements for milo majorly focused and pointed out all kinds of health benefits that it provided such as; general health and energy, improved immune system, increased stamina and strength and even enhancement of a good nights sleep. However, after Singapores independence, the market strategy for Milo majorly focussed on sports events. Milo has long been marketed as the official drink of the SEA games. The current advertising strategies being used in Singapore by Nestle to promote the product and increase sales include the following: Product development Nestle understands the importance of production of quality products to meet the expectations of its consumers and as such is vigilant in continuous research and innovations to enhance the quality of milo. Nestle opened a new extension to its R D centre in Singapore that employs people who specialize in fields such as analytical chemistry, microbiology and sensory science that is responsible for the development of beverage and culinary products with great taste and balanced nutrition leading to the continuous improvement of milo products thereby making these products even more appealing to consumers. This strategy goes a long way in maintaining and sustaining their market in the competitive business environment against competitors such as Cadbury Schweppes Limited and other cocoa related products. Product Branding Branding refers to a collection of attributes that the consumer has come to expect from a product which greatly influences their purchasing power. In a market where profitability is highly dependent on repeat purchase, branding is an important factor in determining the success of that product. In the case of Milo, the product is recognized by its colour scheme which is green. When people see green cans or products packaged in green, they mostly associate it to milo. Milo is quite a strong brand even in Singapore. A brand name promises consumers certain benefits such as value for money as well as quality. Branding is a form of advertisement strategy in itself because it takes quite a number of years to gain consumers trust and approval of a certain product. Once this trust has been developed, sales of the product are assured as consumers are willing to buy that commodity due to the continued belief in that brand to keep on producing quality products and needless to say, milo is such a trusted brand in many parts of the world including Singapore and this explains the why Milo performs relatively well in sales. Product packaging Another common strategy/ tool that is usually used in promotion of products is product packaging. The packaging of a product says a lot about a product and at times it usually determines the level of sales by a certain margin. A product that is well packaged is mostly preferred over poorly packaged products. Initially, milo was packaged in green cans bearing only the brands name and obviously was not so attractive. However, with the growing need to increase sales and also improve the brand, milo has continuously made changes to its packaging. More information has been added to the packaging as well as provision of useful information about disposal and recycling. Milo has gone an extra mile in making the packaging more appealing to its consumers by adding pictures of prominent athletes. People of South east Asia are particularly fanatics of various kind of sports such as table tennis and running and are often featured on milo tins. Also since the major market target audience for milo is children, Nestle milo in Singapore has made sure to make the packaging as attractive as possible so as to attract children and parents with also increased nutritional information being added on the packaging. Advertising Advertising is a form of promotional strategy that refers to any paid kind of product information that is delivered to potential consumers in a non-personal way. Nestle uses a various types of advertising media to promote milo as discussed below: a) Internet In the current world, the internet is a very important tool for advertising any kind of business as very many people obtain information from the internet. All businesses should actually take advantage of this tool to market and let the world know about their business. With increased computer literacy in many countries of the world, it sure is an effective way marketing a business. Nestle has not been left behind in this revolution since they own a websiteas well as a website for each of their products in a bid to provide consumers with all the information that they need about their products. For milo, the website is.With just a click of a mouse or using a smartphone, any Singapore native can log onto this website to get all the information that they need about the product. b) Television Perhaps the television is the most mainstream method of passing information to a large number of people but still a very effective method of advertising. Thousands of companies pay media houses to have adverts about their products be aired on television and Nestle company is no different as it has had an advert produced showing a boy and a girl becoming more energetic after consuming some milo. This strategy is to reach as many consumers as possible especially children and parents as a method of persuading them to buy this product. I n this time and age, television sets are relatively cheap thus accessible to many people and therefore this is quite an effective way of advertising the product c) Outdoor media Nestle, Milo sponsors almost all types of sports events and even collaborates with the Ministry of Sports and youth to organise national as well as international sport events. During these events, free milo drinks are usually handed out. This is a good marketing strategy as it gives children and their parents if present, an opportunity to taste the milo products and give them a free feel of the quality, taste and nutritional value so that the next time they are in a store or supermarket, they can pick up milo products owing to the simple fact that they actually tasted it during the sporting events and thus a good strategy to establish a remarkable relationship between the product and consumers. d) Print media This is another advertising method used by milo to promote the product. The target audience being majorly children, the company often places milo adverts in children magazines. Also adverts are placed on the sports columns of popular people. Milos niche strategy Milo continues to hold its competitive edge over other competitors due to its niche strategy. This is a winning strategy for milo because it is the only company that solely focuses on promotion of sport activities and the overall health improvement of children and youth. Through excellent campaign strategies, milo has been able to persuade parents, children, and youths of the importance of engaging in sport activities since sports help in the physical development of the body as well as the brain. Milo is also responsible for the sponsorship sport events in many countries. T-shirts with the milo logos are given out during this milo sponsored games as well as other milo goodies which go a long way to make it a preferred choice for many young consumers. With its promise of increased energy levels to its users, it has become the preferred choice of product for energy needs during physically engaging needs among many people. This strategy is also being used currently in Singapore and it i s an effective strategy since the brand not only seeks to cater for the nutritional values of its consumers but also is great motivator to children and youth giving them hope of being champions. It caters not only for the nutritional aspects of its consumers but also the overall well-being of the consumer that is physical and also mind development which makes it a special brand even amidst competition from some upcoming and also strong competitors. The niche strategy is therefore a relevant marketing tool as it has been successful and continues to be successful. 3. Recommendations Check on pricing: pricing is an important determinant in the sales performance of any product. Milo has always been considerate to the consumers when it comes to pricing. However, milo is still not affordable to some middle class and lower class people. They should look for ways of cutting down on production costs without compromising the quality of the product so that it can be more affordable and accessible to more people. This is a good marketing strategy because more affordable prices mean more sales. Embrace the use of social media: In as much as milo has websites in place, the use of social media has not yet been utilized. Social media provides a platform of interaction and reaching huge numbers of people. Given the fact that the major target audience for this product is children from around 6-13 years as well as youths, social media would be a really useful tool in marketing of the product since majority of children and youths have access to social media. This would be a great platform for informing them of any developments concerning the product like for instance addition of a product to the product line. Social media also provide a great platform for getting media. With sites such as Facebook, twitter, and Instagram, the world has been made easier as people can share their concerns about the product as well as compliment and give credit where due and so it would help the company to know the areas to improve on regarding the product as well as customer service. On advertising: In spite of using the above mentioned advertising strategies, Nestle, milo Singapore should embrace new and innovative methods of marketing the product. Apart from using the mainstream channels only such as television, print media and outdoor media, they should set aside some money to be used in fun and innovative advertising such as putting up of billboards all over the city. Billboards ae quite attractive and due to the gigantic nature, hard to miss and as such can be seen by everyone with ease hence a very effective way of advertising a product. On product branding: Although milo has proved to be quite a remarkable brand, Nestle Company should always come up with new ideas of improving the brand so that it can continue being attractive to consumers as it has always been or better yet become much better. In such kind of businesses branding is everything and in order to be always ahead of the competition, improvement of the brand is vital and the company should not cease providing quality products to the people of Singapore. Consumer satisfaction should be the driving force towards better branding, a move that will ensure customer loyalty. On product development: Milo has the potential of developing its products further as well as adding to its product line. With competitors springing up all over and coming up with new products, Milo is facing greater competition than ever and the future is bound to be even more competitive. The only way to beat competition is to always be ahead and so Milo should be add to its product line in order to have an edge over the other competitors and to also always have a variety of new products to be sampled by its consumers, something that would be highly appreciated by the consumers. 4. Conclusion In coclusion,Milo is a highly loved and appreciated product in Singapore due to its high quality and product range as well as its availability in different sizes with different prices so as to cater for as many peoples needs as possible but there is always room for improvement. Key points: Milo is a chocolate and milk powder that is used to make beverages and has a high nutritional value consisting of vitamins, carbohydrates, energy among others There are several marketing and advertising strategies that are used to promote the product in Singapore such as product branding, pricing, packaging use of television, print media, outdoor media among others The most effective and dominant strategy used is the niche strategy where milos target is children and the youth Milos colour scheme is green and this is what makes the brand recognizable to consumers Milo has the potential to improve its brand and set itself ahead of the competition References William Gervase Clarence-Smith (2000) Cocoa/and chocolate,1765-1954.London Rutledge Nestle.com (2010).Nestle. Annual report 2010.Good food good life.